{
 "id": "m-64ce9cbf6c",
 "slug": "phoenix-chinese-cultural-center-phoenix",
 "type": "mall",
 "name": "Chinese Cultural Center, Phoenix",
 "aka": [],
 "city": "Phoenix",
 "county": "Maricopa County",
 "state": "AZ",
 "country": "US",
 "census_division": 8,
 "lat": 33.4551,
 "lon": -111.9885,
 "geocode_method": null,
 "address": null,
 "metro": null,
 "original_use": "mall",
 "year_opened": 1998,
 "year_closed": 2017,
 "acres": 26.0,
 "gla_sqft": null,
 "stores_peak": null,
 "levels": null,
 "original_developer": "BNU Corporation",
 "original_architect": "Cornoyer-Hedrick",
 "before_notes": "Wikipedia categories: Defunct shopping malls in the United States",
 "strategy": [
  "reinhabit"
 ],
 "new_use": [
  "office"
 ],
 "share_retrofit": null,
 "status": "operating",
 "year_retrofit": 2017,
 "developer": null,
 "architect": null,
 "after_notes": "Outlier Center",
 "narrative": "The Chinese Cultural Center, now the Outlier Center, was a Chinese-themed retail complex in Phoenix, Arizona. It was developed in 1997 by BNU Corporation, a subsidiary of COFCO, a Chinese state-run enterprise and the country's largest food processor, manufacturer and trader. Although the center was developed as a for-profit investment by its owners, it was portrayed as a \"cultural center\" for the Chinese community in the greater Phoenix area. The developers thought the traditional Chinese architecture and landscaping, its concentration of Chinese-related businesses, and its use as a venue for celebrating Chinese holidays would attract both tourists and local Asian-Americans, and make Chinese business people feel more at home and welcome in Phoenix, thus helping Phoenix attract more foreign investment. The center opened in 1998 with visual elements imported from China and installed by Chinese craftsmen. It struggled with low occupancy, suffered further during the recession of the mid-2000s, and never recovered. In 2017, a new owner announced the property would be repurposed as a modern office building and the distinctive Chinese roof would be removed. This led to a sustained multi-year effort by the Chinese-American community to block the redevelopment and preserve the center as it was built. Despite demonstrations, petitions, lobbying, and several lawsuits, the new owner ultimately prevailed and most of the Chinese elements were gone by 2022.",
 "narrative_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
 "narrative_source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Cultural_Center%2C_Phoenix",
 "zoning_change": "changed",
 "public_subsidy": null,
 "entitlement_year": null,
 "planning_notes": null,
 "wikidata_qid": "Q5100428",
 "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Cultural_Center%2C_Phoenix",
 "osm_id": null,
 "verified": "draft",
 "verified_by": null,
 "last_verified": null,
 "last_updated": "2026-10-18",
 "created": "2026-10-18",
 "contributor_name": null,
 "contributor_org": null,
 "contributor_link": null,
 "international": 0,
 "county_fips": "04013",
 "opp_score": 0.0,
 "opp_reasons": [
  "retrofit already built",
  "26 acres",
  "county grew 5.6% 2018\u201323",
  "median rent $1,587"
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 "for_sale": 0,
 "distressed": 0,
 "deep": {},
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   "name": "Closed 2010s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "2017",
   "origin": "extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "era-opened-1990s",
   "name": "Opened 1990s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "1998",
   "origin": "extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "era-retrofit-2010s",
   "name": "Retrofit 2010s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "2017",
   "origin": "extraction"
  },
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   "slug": "owner-llc",
   "name": "Single-purpose entity",
   "grp": "owner",
   "evidence": "668 NORTH LLC",
   "origin": "county-parcels"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-15-minute",
   "name": "15-minute neighbourhood (5+ of 6 daily needs within 800 m)",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "6/6",
   "origin": "openstreetmap"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-mall-cluster",
   "name": "3+ other atlas sites within 10 km",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "6 within 10 km",
   "origin": "computed"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-bike",
   "name": "Bike network nearby",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "45 ways",
   "origin": "openstreetmap"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-apartment-boom-county",
   "name": "County permitting 2,000+ apartment units a year",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "13,059 units, Maricopa County",
   "origin": "census-bps"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-grocery-800m",
   "name": "Grocery within 800 m",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "2 stores",
   "origin": "openstreetmap"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-hazard-heat-wave",
   "name": "High heat wave risk",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "Very High",
   "origin": "fema-nri"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-rail",
   "name": "Rail within 800 m",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "44th St/Washington",
   "origin": "openstreetmap"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-renter-majority",
   "name": "Renter-majority tract",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "54%",
   "origin": "census-acs"
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  {
   "slug": "strategy-reinhabit",
   "name": "Reinhabited",
   "grp": "strategy",
   "evidence": "Outlier Center",
   "origin": "extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-office",
   "name": "Office",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "extraction"
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 "deals": [],
 "owner_of_record": "668 North LLC",
 "ctx": {
  "assessment": {
   "what_happened": "The Chinese Cultural Center opened in 1998 as a themed retail mall and operated until 2017, when it was closed and announced for repurposing as an office building. The retrofit was completed that year, reopening as the Outlier Center, and the site remains operating today.",
   "why": "The record does not state the reasons for the center\u2019s closure or retrofit.",
   "where_it_stands": "The site is currently operating as an office building (Outlier Center) under the ownership of parcel holders including 668 NORTH LLC and the Phoenix Gateway property owners associations.",
   "for_a_planner": [
    "Strategy classified as \"reinhabit\" with a documented zoning change.",
    "Policy tool applied: adaptive reuse retrofit already built, noted in opportunity scores.",
    "Open question: long-term demand for office use given local market signals.",
    "Open question: effectiveness of cultural\u2011theme removal on community acceptance."
   ],
   "for_a_developer": [
    "Site totals 26 acres divided among three parcels (6.98, 4.26, 2.37 acres).",
    "Control split among 668 NORTH LLC and two Phoenix Gateway owners associations; no single owner.",
    "Entitlement stage: retrofit completed 2017, zoning changed, status operating.",
    "Context layers: no flood, transit, or environmental constraints are recorded in the data.",
    "Market signals: Maricopa County grew 5.6% 2018\u20112023 and median rent is $1,587."
   ],
   "risks_and_unknowns": [
    "Reason for original closure and any anchor tenant losses are not stated.",
    "Current lease terms, occupancy rates, and building condition post\u2011retrofit are unknown.",
    "Floodplain, transit access, and environmental site details are missing from context layers.",
    "Post\u20112017 ownership chain is unclear; parcel owners may not reflect the operating entity.",
    "The record is marked as \"draft\" verification, indicating possible unreviewed or model\u2011extracted fields."
   ],
   "data_quality": "partial",
   "one_line": "Chinese Cultural Center opened 1998, closed 2017, reopened 2017 as office Outlier Center; now operating under multiple owners in Phoenix",
   "model": "nvidia/nemotron-3-super-120b-a12b",
   "machine": "NVIDIA API via Hermes CT",
   "record_sha1": "57c9f2648bc5"
  },
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     "name": "Innovation 27",
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     "status": "approved",
     "km": 8.0
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   "count_25km": 13
  },
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   "resolution": 1,
   "source": "USGS EPQS (3DEP)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
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   "facilities": [
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     "name": "CEMEX",
     "programs": " ",
     "site_type": "",
     "flags": "",
     "brownfield": false
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    {
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   "parks": 3,
   "health": 3,
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   "food_drink": 3,
   "cycleway_ways": 45,
   "sidewalk_ways": 396,
   "residential_buildings": 22,
   "categories_present": 6,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
  },
  "flood": {
   "zone": "X",
   "subtype": "0.2 PCT ANNUAL CHANCE FLOOD HAZARD",
   "sfha": "F",
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   "retrieved": "2026-10-15"
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