{
 "id": "n-2e8a724f11",
 "slug": "denver-stapleton-international-airport",
 "type": "other",
 "name": "Stapleton International Airport",
 "aka": [],
 "city": "Denver",
 "county": "Denver County",
 "state": "CO",
 "country": "US",
 "census_division": 8,
 "lat": 39.761,
 "lon": -104.892,
 "geocode_method": "wikipedia",
 "address": null,
 "metro": null,
 "original_use": "airport",
 "year_opened": 1929,
 "year_closed": 1995,
 "acres": 4700.0,
 "gla_sqft": null,
 "stores_peak": null,
 "levels": null,
 "original_developer": "Benjamin F. Stapleton",
 "original_architect": null,
 "before_notes": "Draft from Wikipedia, model-extracted, unreviewed: Stapleton International Airport, a former airport in Denver, Colorado, was demolished and redeveloped into a mixed-use commercial and residential neighborhood now called Central Park.",
 "strategy": [
  "redevelop"
 ],
 "new_use": [
  "church",
  "education",
  "entertainment",
  "housing",
  "office",
  "other",
  "retail"
 ],
 "share_retrofit": null,
 "status": "built",
 "year_retrofit": 1995,
 "developer": "Stapleton Development Foundation",
 "architect": null,
 "after_notes": "a commercial and residential neighborhood called Stapleton, which was renamed Central Park in 2020",
 "narrative": "Stapleton International Airport (IATA: DEN, ICAO: KDEN, FAA LID: DEN) was a major airport in the western United States, and the primary airport of Denver, Colorado. It opened on October 17, 1929, and was replaced by Denver International Airport in February 1995.\nIt was a hub for Continental Airlines, the original Frontier Airlines, People Express, United Airlines, and Western Airlines.",
 "narrative_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
 "narrative_source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
 "zoning_change": null,
 "public_subsidy": null,
 "entitlement_year": 1995,
 "planning_notes": null,
 "wikidata_qid": "Q1436575",
 "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
 "osm_id": null,
 "verified": "draft",
 "verified_by": null,
 "last_verified": null,
 "last_updated": "2026-10-18",
 "created": "2026-10-18",
 "contributor_name": null,
 "contributor_org": null,
 "contributor_link": null,
 "international": 0,
 "county_fips": "08031",
 "opp_score": 10.0,
 "opp_reasons": [
  "retrofit already built",
  "4700 acres",
  "median rent $1,770",
  "housing in the record"
 ],
 "for_sale": 0,
 "distressed": 0,
 "deep": {},
 "elements": [
  {
   "slug": "era-closed-1990s",
   "name": "Closed 1990s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "1995",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "era-opened-1920s",
   "name": "Opened 1920s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "1929",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "era-retrofit-1990s",
   "name": "Retrofit 1990s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "1995",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-mall-cluster",
   "name": "3+ other atlas sites within 10 km",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "12 within 10 km",
   "origin": "computed"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-apartment-boom-county",
   "name": "County permitting 2,000+ apartment units a year",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "3,118 units, Denver County",
   "origin": "census-bps"
  },
  {
   "slug": "scale-large-site",
   "name": "60+ acre site",
   "grp": "scale",
   "evidence": "4700 acres",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "strategy-redevelop",
   "name": "Redeveloped",
   "grp": "strategy",
   "evidence": "a commercial and residential neighborhood called Stapleton, which was renamed Central Park in 2020",
   "origin": "record"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-church",
   "name": "Church and worship",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-education",
   "name": "Education",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-entertainment",
   "name": "Entertainment and sports",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-housing",
   "name": "Housing",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "a commercial and residential neighborhood called Stapleton, which was renamed Central Pa",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-office",
   "name": "Office",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-park",
   "name": "Park and open space",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "al neighborhood called Stapleton, which was renamed Central Park in 2020",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-retail",
   "name": "Retail (continued)",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": 7272,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
   "title": "Stapleton International Airport",
   "publisher": "Wikipedia",
   "date": null,
   "quote": "Stapleton International Airport",
   "kind": "wikipedia",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7273,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "Stapleton opened in 1929 as Denver Municipal Airport on October 17.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7274,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "replaced by Denver International Airport in February 1995.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7275,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "After its demolition, Stapleton International's footprint was redeveloped as a commercial and residential neighborhood",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7276,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "A private group of Denver civic leaders, the Stapleton Development Foundation, convened in 1990 and produced a master plan for the site in 1995",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7277,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "A July 1997 hailstorm punched several thousand holes in the roofs of the old terminal and concourses, causing water damage, which compelled the city to tear them down.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7278,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "The final parking structure was torn down to make room for the \"Central Park West\" section of the housing development in May 2011.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7279,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "Punch Bowl Social closed in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7280,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "Stapleton, which was renamed Central Park in 2020",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7281,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapleton_International_Airport",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "the tower was reopened by FlyteCo, a local brewery, in 2022.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  }
 ],
 "parties": [
  {
   "name": "Stapleton Development Foundation",
   "kind": "developer",
   "role": "developer",
   "year_from": 1995,
   "year_to": null
  }
 ],
 "events": [
  {
   "id": 4287,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1929,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Airport opened as Denver Municipal Airport",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7273,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4296,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1929,
   "kind": "opened",
   "detail": "Opened",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": null,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4288,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1995,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Airport replaced by Denver International Airport",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7274,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4289,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1995,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Redevelopment of footprint began",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7275,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4290,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1995,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Master plan for redevelopment produced",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7276,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4297,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1995,
   "kind": "closed",
   "detail": "Closed",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": null,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4298,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1995,
   "kind": "retrofit",
   "detail": "Retrofit: redevelop",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": null,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4291,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1997,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Terminal and concourses torn down due to damage",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7277,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4292,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2011,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Final parking structure torn down",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7278,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4293,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2020,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Punch Bowl Social closed",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7279,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4294,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2020,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Neighborhood renamed Central Park",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7280,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4295,
   "site_id": "n-2e8a724f11",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2022,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Control tower reopened by FlyteCo brewery",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7281,
   "verified": "draft"
  }
 ],
 "gallery": [],
 "anchors": [
  {
   "name": "Continental Airlines",
   "wikipedia": null,
   "category": "tenant (from text)"
  },
  {
   "name": "Frontier Airlines",
   "wikipedia": null,
   "category": "tenant (from text)"
  },
  {
   "name": "People Express",
   "wikipedia": null,
   "category": "tenant (from text)"
  },
  {
   "name": "United Airlines",
   "wikipedia": null,
   "category": "tenant (from text)"
  },
  {
   "name": "Western Airlines",
   "wikipedia": null,
   "category": "tenant (from text)"
  }
 ],
 "deals": [],
 "owner_of_record": null,
 "ctx": {
  "assessment": {
   "what_happened": "Stapleton International Airport (1929\u20131995) was redeveloped into a mixed-use neighborhood on 4,700 acres. The site is fully built, with housing, retail, office, education, and entertainment uses. The neighborhood was renamed Central Park in 2020. The Stapleton Development Foundation led redevelopment starting in 1995. Current housing market data shows median rent $1,770 (ZORI) and ZHVI $528,188 (2026-09).",
   "why": "The site is fully redeveloped (status: built), with confirmed housing and retail uses. The 4,700-acre scale and 1995 retrofit year are documented. The 2020 name change to Central Park is noted in after_notes.",
   "where_it_stands": "The neighborhood is operational. No ongoing construction is indicated (events show final structures torn down by 2011).",
   "for_a_planner": [
    "4,700 acres of redeveloped land",
    "renamed Central Park (2020)",
    "housing and retail confirmed"
   ],
   "for_a_developer": [
    "median rent $1,770 documented",
    "ZHVI $528,188 (2026-09)",
    "no current vacant land noted"
   ],
   "risks_and_unknowns": [
    "no tenant mix details",
    "no current retail types specified",
    "no affordable housing data"
   ],
   "data_quality": "partial",
   "one_line": "Fully redeveloped 4,700-acre mixed-use neighborhood (renamed Central Park in 2020), with housing and retail confirmed.",
   "model": "qwen3-30b-a3b-64k:latest",
   "machine": "Dell 5820 RTX 3090 (Ollama, qwen3-30b-a3b)",
   "record_sha1": "65c460d14f49"
  },
  "cluster": {
   "within_10km": [
    {
     "id": "n-2d8a345d6c",
     "name": "Mango House",
     "city": "Aurora",
     "status": "operating",
     "km": 2.8
    },
    {
     "id": "n-aad5d93c49",
     "name": "Park Hill Golf Course",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "proposed",
     "km": 4.0
    },
    {
     "id": "n-69f80451de",
     "name": "Cherry Lane",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "proposed",
     "km": 7.2
    },
    {
     "id": "n-d230d1a844",
     "name": "Sears in Cherry Creek",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "proposed",
     "km": 7.4
    },
    {
     "id": "m-685f3c2586",
     "name": "Buckingham Mall",
     "city": "Aurora",
     "status": "built",
     "km": 7.9
    },
    {
     "id": "n-4742daa26a",
     "name": "Celebrity Sports Center",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "built",
     "km": 8.3
    },
    {
     "id": "n-6454e0acd6",
     "name": "Former Park Hill Golf Club",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "proposed",
     "km": 8.3
    },
    {
     "id": "n-928826c11a",
     "name": "Former K-Mart site",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "built",
     "km": 8.3
    },
    {
     "id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
     "name": "Central Park",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "built",
     "km": 8.3
    },
    {
     "id": "n-4af820edeb",
     "name": "Union Station North",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "built",
     "km": 8.9
    },
    {
     "id": "n-a525464130",
     "name": "Kmart at Monaco and Evans",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "proposed",
     "km": 9.4
    },
    {
     "id": "n-70930b3d44",
     "name": "Kmart in the Broadway Marketplace",
     "city": "Denver",
     "status": "under construction",
     "km": 9.9
    }
   ],
   "count_10km": 12,
   "count_25km": 27
  },
  "elevation": {
   "elevation_ft": 5301.6,
   "resolution": 1,
   "source": "USGS EPQS (3DEP)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "food_access": {
   "tract10": "08031004107",
   "urban": 1,
   "lila_1_10": 0,
   "low_access_1mi": 0,
   "poverty_rate": 5.0841452612931795,
   "median_family_income": 145320.0,
   "snap_households": 128.0,
   "pop2010": 3810.0,
   "source": "USDA ERS Food Access Research Atlas 2019 (ArcGIS copy)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "housing_market": {
   "zhvi": {
    "latest": 528188,
    "month": "2026-09",
    "change_1y": -0.018,
    "change_5y": -0.008
   },
   "zori": {
    "latest": 1867,
    "month": "2026-09",
    "change_1y": 0.001,
    "change_5y": 0.063
   },
   "county_fips": "08031",
   "source": "Zillow Research (ZHVI, ZORI)"
  },
  "jobs_lodes": {
   "tract20": "08031004113",
   "jobs": 2490,
   "retail_jobs": 668,
   "food_accommodation_jobs": 508,
   "year": 2022,
   "source": "Census LEHD LODES8 WAC 2022 (all jobs, primary and secondary), blocks summed to the 2020 tract",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "listings": {
   "zip": "80238",
   "month": "202609",
   "median_listing_price": 660000,
   "median_listing_price_yy": -0.1105,
   "active_listing_count": 106,
   "median_days_on_market": 42,
   "price_reduced_share": 0.296,
   "pending_ratio": 0.3915,
   "source": "Realtor.com Research, inventory core metrics by ZIP (ZCTA at the site point)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "opportunity": {
   "tract10": "08031004107",
   "kfr_p25": 0.4453,
   "jail_p25": 0.0451,
   "kids_count": 0.8647,
   "commuting_zone": "Denver",
   "vintage": "children born 1978-83, outcomes measured 2014-15",
   "source": "Opportunity Insights, Opportunity Atlas (Chetty, Friedman, Hendren, Jones, Porter 2018)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "peers": {
   "peers": [
    {
     "id": "n-a5ddca1d49",
     "name": "Central Park",
     "city": "Denver",
     "state": "CO",
     "score": 11.0,
     "why": [
      "similar size (4700 acres)",
      "closed 1995",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "m-5f44df2309",
     "name": "Cinderella Mall",
     "city": "Englewood",
     "state": "CO",
     "score": 8.0,
     "why": [
      "closed 1997",
      "same strategy: redevelop",
      "also in CO"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "n-f8e0874a5d",
     "name": "Naval Air Station Barbers Point",
     "city": "Kalaeloa",
     "state": "HI",
     "score": 7.5,
     "why": [
      "similar size (3700 acres)",
      "closed 1999",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "n-4d791ab853",
     "name": "Camarillo State Mental Hospital",
     "city": "Camarillo",
     "state": "CA",
     "score": 7.0,
     "why": [
      "opened 1936",
      "closed 1996",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "n-eba6eaeb34",
     "name": "Hatfield Aerodrome",
     "city": "Hatfield",
     "state": null,
     "score": 7.0,
     "why": [
      "opened 1930",
      "closed 1994",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "m-fe8ce81673",
     "name": "Villa Italia Mall",
     "city": "Lakewood",
     "state": "CO",
     "score": 6.5,
     "why": [
      "same strategy: redevelop",
      "also in CO",
      "17 km away"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "method": "size, era, strategy, status, type, state, distance"
  },
  "permits": {
   "county": "Denver County",
   "2024": {
    "units_1": 872,
    "units_2_4": 4,
    "units_5plus": 3118,
    "value_total": 788494244
   },
   "2023": {
    "units_1": 1174,
    "units_2_4": 2,
    "units_5plus": 4549,
    "value_total": 1073491646
   },
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  "qcew_retail": {
   "county": "08031",
   "year": 2025,
   "establishments": 2329,
   "employment": 30425,
   "avg_annual_pay": 52368,
   "lq_employment": 0.55,
   "employment_change_1y": -5.4,
   "source": "BLS QCEW 2025 annual, county, NAICS 44-45 retail trade, private",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "retail_trend": {
   "2012": {
    "estab": 2272,
    "emp": 26298
   },
   "2023": {
    "estab": 2348,
    "emp": 32628
   },
   "estab_change": 0.033,
   "emp_change": 0.241,
   "county_fips": "08031"
  },
  "schools": {
   "district": "Denver County School District 1",
   "district_geoid": "0803360",
   "grades": "PK-12",
   "district_vintage": "SY2024-25",
   "public_schools_1mi": 5,
   "schools": [
    "DSST: Montview High School",
    "Westerly Creek Elementary",
    "Swigert International School",
    "DSST: Montview Middle School",
    "Denver Discovery School"
   ],
   "schools_vintage": "SY2023-24",
   "source": "NCES EDGE",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "storms": {
   "county": "08031",
   "years": "2016-2025",
   "events": 183,
   "by_type": {
    "Hail": 127,
    "Thunderstorm Wind": 41,
    "Flash Flood": 7,
    "Heavy Rain": 3,
    "Tornado": 3,
    "Lightning": 1,
    "Flood": 1
   },
   "property_damage_usd": 820000,
   "deaths_direct": 0,
   "injuries_direct": 2,
   "note": "county-typed events only; events logged to forecast zones (CZ_TYPE Z: most winter, heat, flood and coastal events) are not counted",
   "source": "NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, details files",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "traffic": {
   "max_aadt": 3300,
   "trucks_aadt": null,
   "road": "N SYRACUSE ST",
   "class": "minor arterial",
   "lanes": 2,
   "segments_600m": 3,
   "year": "2024",
   "source": "FHWA HPMS",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  }
 },
 "parcels": [],
 "url": "https://retrofitatlas.org/other/co/denver-stapleton-international-airport/",
 "photo": null,
 "provenance": {
  "year_opened": "newtypes-extraction",
  "year_closed": "newtypes-extraction",
  "acres": "newtypes-extraction",
  "original_developer": "newtypes-extraction",
  "status": "newtypes-extraction",
  "after_notes": "newtypes-extraction",
  "year_retrofit": "newtypes-extraction",
  "developer": "newtypes-extraction"
 }
}