{
 "id": "n-cff0350c32",
 "slug": "duluth-duluth-works",
 "type": "industrial",
 "name": "Duluth Works",
 "aka": [],
 "city": "Duluth",
 "county": "St. Louis County",
 "state": "MN",
 "country": "US",
 "census_division": 4,
 "lat": 46.68694444,
 "lon": -92.20694444,
 "geocode_method": "wikipedia",
 "address": null,
 "metro": null,
 "original_use": "industrial steel and cement manufacturing complex",
 "year_opened": 1916,
 "year_closed": 1981,
 "acres": 1600.0,
 "gla_sqft": null,
 "stores_peak": null,
 "levels": null,
 "original_developer": "U.S. Steel",
 "original_architect": null,
 "before_notes": "Draft from Wikipedia, model-extracted, unreviewed: The former 1,600-acre Duluth Works industrial steel and cement manufacturing complex, which closed in 1981, is undergoing demolition, environmental cleanup, and redevelopment into an industrial park with proposed warehouses and office space.",
 "strategy": [
  "redevelop",
  "regreen"
 ],
 "new_use": [
  "industrial",
  "logistics",
  "office",
  "other",
  "retail"
 ],
 "share_retrofit": null,
 "status": "partial",
 "year_retrofit": 1975,
 "developer": "U.S. Steel (demolition/cleanup), City of Duluth/DEDA, Ikonics, Duluth Port Authority",
 "architect": null,
 "after_notes": "Former steel plant site undergoing demolition, environmental cleanup, and redevelopment into an industrial park, with specific portions planned for warehouse and light industrial uses, and a photographic enhancement company's headquarters.",
 "narrative": "The Duluth Works was an industrial steel and cement manufacturing complex located in Duluth, Minnesota, United States, in operation from 1916 to 1981. The complex was operated by U.S. Steel. Officially, the plant's purpose was to supply the growing Midwest with steel finished products. Unofficially, they were built as part of a \"gentleman's agreement\" between U.S. Steel and the State of Minnesota to not impose hefty iron ore taxes on U.S. Steel in exchange for a fully integrated steel plant within Minnesota, whose mines furnished 80% of the ore to U.S. Steel.",
 "narrative_license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
 "narrative_source": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth_Works",
 "zoning_change": null,
 "public_subsidy": "$50,000 investigative grant",
 "entitlement_year": null,
 "planning_notes": null,
 "wikidata_qid": "Q5313528",
 "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth_Works",
 "osm_id": null,
 "verified": "draft",
 "verified_by": null,
 "last_verified": null,
 "last_updated": "2026-10-18",
 "created": "2026-10-18",
 "contributor_name": null,
 "contributor_org": null,
 "contributor_link": null,
 "international": 0,
 "county_fips": "27137",
 "opp_score": 0.0,
 "opp_reasons": [
  "retrofit already built",
  "1600 acres",
  "public owner"
 ],
 "for_sale": 0,
 "distressed": 0,
 "deep": {},
 "elements": [
  {
   "slug": "era-closed-1980s",
   "name": "Closed 1980s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "1981",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "era-opened-1910s",
   "name": "Opened 1910s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "1916",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "era-retrofit-1970s",
   "name": "Retrofit 1970s",
   "grp": "era",
   "evidence": "1975",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-retail-shrinking-county",
   "name": "County lost 10%+ of retail establishments since 2012",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "-16%",
   "origin": "census-cbp"
  },
  {
   "slug": "place-shrinking-county",
   "name": "Shrinking county",
   "grp": "place",
   "evidence": "-0.0%",
   "origin": "census-acs"
  },
  {
   "slug": "policy-grant",
   "name": "Public grant or loan",
   "grp": "policy",
   "evidence": "$50,000 investigative grant Former steel plant site undergoing demolition, environmenta",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "scale-large-site",
   "name": "60+ acre site",
   "grp": "scale",
   "evidence": "1600 acres",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "strategy-redevelop",
   "name": "Redeveloped",
   "grp": "strategy",
   "evidence": "Former steel plant site undergoing demolition, environmental cleanup, and redevelopment into an industrial park, with specific portions planned for warehouse and light industrial uses, and a photograp",
   "origin": "record"
  },
  {
   "slug": "strategy-regreen",
   "name": "Regreened",
   "grp": "strategy",
   "evidence": "Former steel plant site undergoing demolition, environmental cleanup, and redevelopment into an industrial park, with specific portions planned for warehouse and light industrial uses, and a photograp",
   "origin": "record"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-logistics",
   "name": "Logistics and industrial",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "emolition, environmental cleanup, and redevelopment into an industrial park, with specific portions planned for warehouse and ligh",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-office",
   "name": "Office",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "t industrial uses, and a photographic enhancement company's headquarters.",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-park",
   "name": "Park and open space",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "environmental cleanup, and redevelopment into an industrial park, with specific portions planned for warehouse and light ind",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  },
  {
   "slug": "use-retail",
   "name": "Retail (continued)",
   "grp": "use",
   "evidence": "new_use field",
   "origin": "newtypes-extraction"
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": 7421,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth_Works",
   "title": "Duluth Works",
   "publisher": "Wikipedia",
   "date": null,
   "quote": "The Duluth Works",
   "kind": "wikipedia",
   "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7422,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth_Works",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "In 1975, beginning with the open hearth building, U.S. Steel began to demolish many of the massive structures",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7423,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth_Works",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "In 1984, following an inspection by the Pollution Control Agency, the former Duluth Works steel plant site was put on the National Priorities List for the federally funded \"Superfund\" program.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7424,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth_Works",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "In April 2008, the Duluth-based photographic enhancement company, Ikonics, announced it would develop 40 acres (160,000 m2) on the property to build a warehouse and move its West Duluth headquarters operations",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7425,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth_Works",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "On February 5, 2009, the State of Minnesota awarded the Duluth Port Authority a $50,000 investigative grant to determine the feasibility of redeveloping 123 acres (0.50 km2) of the former steel plant site",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  {
   "id": 7426,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duluth_Works",
   "title": "Timeline",
   "publisher": null,
   "date": null,
   "quote": "By 2023, the cleanup was nearly completed.",
   "kind": "quote",
   "license": null,
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  }
 ],
 "parties": [
  {
   "name": "U.S. Steel (demolition/cleanup), City of Duluth/DEDA, Ikonics, Duluth Port Authority",
   "kind": "developer",
   "role": "developer",
   "year_from": 1975,
   "year_to": null
  }
 ],
 "events": [
  {
   "id": 4384,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1916,
   "kind": "opened",
   "detail": "Opened",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": null,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4379,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1975,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "U.S. Steel began to demolish many of the massive structures",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7422,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4386,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1975,
   "kind": "retrofit",
   "detail": "Retrofit: redevelop, regreen",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": null,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4385,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1981,
   "kind": "closed",
   "detail": "Closed",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": null,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4380,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "date": null,
   "year": 1984,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "The former Duluth Works steel plant site was put on the National Priorities List for the federally funded \"Superfund\" program.",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7423,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4381,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2008,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "Ikonics announced it would develop 40 acres on the property to build a warehouse and move its headquarters.",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7424,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4382,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2009,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "The State of Minnesota awarded the Duluth Port Authority a $50,000 investigative grant for redevelopment feasibility.",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7425,
   "verified": "draft"
  },
  {
   "id": 4383,
   "site_id": "n-cff0350c32",
   "date": null,
   "year": 2023,
   "kind": "note",
   "detail": "The environmental cleanup was nearly completed.",
   "share": null,
   "source_id": 7426,
   "verified": "draft"
  }
 ],
 "gallery": [],
 "anchors": [
  {
   "name": "U.S. Steel",
   "wikipedia": null,
   "category": "tenant (from text)"
  },
  {
   "name": "Universal Atlas Cement Company",
   "wikipedia": null,
   "category": "tenant (from text)"
  }
 ],
 "deals": [],
 "owner_of_record": null,
 "ctx": {
  "assessment": {
   "what_happened": "Duluth Works was an industrial steel/cement complex (1916-1981) operated by U.S. Steel. It closed in 1981, with U.S. Steel beginning demolition in 1975. The site was listed on the Superfund list in 1984 for environmental cleanup. The City of Duluth/DEDA, Duluth Port Authority, and Ikonics led redevelopment. Environmental cleanup was nearly complete by 2023. Ikonics developed 40 acres for warehouse/office use (2008 announcement), with a $50,000 state grant (2009) supporting feasibility. ",
   "why": "The site is 1600 acres (larger than most peers), partially redeveloped since 1975, and under public-private partnership. The retrofit is already underway (not a future project).",
   "where_it_stands": "Partial redevelopment: cleanup complete, 40 acres developed (Ikonics HQ/warehouse), remaining land unassigned. Status remains 'partial'.",
   "for_a_planner": [
    "Superfund cleanup completed (2023)",
    "40 acres active industrial/office use",
    "Public subsidy limited to $50k grant"
   ],
   "for_a_developer": [
    "1600 acres available but only 40 acres developed",
    "Public ownership/management (DEDA, Port Authority)",
    "No current financials beyond $50k grant"
   ],
   "risks_and_unknowns": [
    "No timeline for remaining land development",
    "No data on current land use or tenant occupancy",
    "No market demand data for industrial/logistics in Duluth"
   ],
   "data_quality": "partial",
   "one_line": "1600-acre former steel plant (1916-1981) undergoing partial redevelopment; cleanup complete, 40 acres active, public-private partnership.",
   "model": "qwen3-30b-a3b-64k:latest",
   "machine": "Dell 5820 RTX 3090 (Ollama, qwen3-30b-a3b)",
   "record_sha1": "841e2eda3c61"
  },
  "elevation": {
   "elevation_ft": 604.3,
   "resolution": 1,
   "source": "USGS EPQS (3DEP)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "food_access": {
   "tract10": "27137003800",
   "urban": 1,
   "lila_1_10": 1,
   "low_access_1mi": 1,
   "lapop1share": 99.99999974779729,
   "poverty_rate": 17.453655124169302,
   "median_family_income": 45045.0,
   "snap_households": 275.0,
   "pop2010": 3025.0,
   "source": "USDA ERS Food Access Research Atlas 2019 (ArcGIS copy)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "housing_market": {
   "zhvi": {
    "latest": 255915,
    "month": "2026-09",
    "change_1y": 0.056,
    "change_5y": 0.294
   },
   "zori": {
    "latest": 1373,
    "month": "2026-09",
    "change_1y": 0.034,
    "change_5y": 0.269
   },
   "county_fips": "27137",
   "source": "Zillow Research (ZHVI, ZORI)"
  },
  "jobs_lodes": {
   "tract20": "27137003800",
   "jobs": 411,
   "retail_jobs": 34,
   "food_accommodation_jobs": 52,
   "year": 2022,
   "source": "Census LEHD LODES8 WAC 2022 (all jobs, primary and secondary), blocks summed to the 2020 tract",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "listings": {
   "zip": "55808",
   "month": "202609",
   "median_listing_price": 331225,
   "median_listing_price_yy": 0.1635,
   "active_listing_count": 17,
   "median_days_on_market": 43,
   "price_reduced_share": 0.2046,
   "pending_ratio": 0.7059,
   "source": "Realtor.com Research, inventory core metrics by ZIP (ZCTA at the site point)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "opportunity": {
   "tract10": "27137003800",
   "kfr_p25": 0.4181,
   "jail_p25": 0.0184,
   "kids_count": 339.6786,
   "commuting_zone": "Duluth",
   "vintage": "children born 1978-83, outcomes measured 2014-15",
   "source": "Opportunity Insights, Opportunity Atlas (Chetty, Friedman, Hendren, Jones, Porter 2018)",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "peers": {
   "peers": [
    {
     "id": "n-b238d765ff",
     "name": "Hotel Dyckman",
     "city": "Minneapolis",
     "state": "MN",
     "score": 6.5,
     "why": [
      "opened 1910",
      "closed 1979",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "n-4d791ab853",
     "name": "Camarillo State Mental Hospital",
     "city": "Camarillo",
     "state": "CA",
     "score": 5.5,
     "why": [
      "similar size (1500 acres)",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "n-a07a4233fa",
     "name": "Hauppauge Industrial Park",
     "city": "Hauppauge",
     "state": "NY",
     "score": 5.5,
     "why": [
      "similar size (1400 acres)",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "n-52647a0bed",
     "name": "Sauer Center",
     "city": "Richmond",
     "state": "VA",
     "score": 5.5,
     "why": [
      "opened 1911",
      "same strategy: redevelop"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "m-29a3e4059b",
     "name": "Maplewood Mall",
     "city": "Maplewood",
     "state": "MN",
     "score": 5.0,
     "why": [
      "same strategy: regreen",
      "also in MN"
     ]
    },
    {
     "id": "n-98b60b2e5e",
     "name": "Minneapolis City Center",
     "city": "Minneapolis",
     "state": "MN",
     "score": 4.5,
     "why": [
      "same strategy: redevelop",
      "also in MN"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "method": "size, era, strategy, status, type, state, distance"
  },
  "permits": {
   "county": "St. Louis County",
   "2024": {
    "units_1": 293,
    "units_2_4": 6,
    "units_5plus": 338,
    "value_total": 177944210
   },
   "2023": {
    "units_1": 280,
    "units_2_4": 14,
    "units_5plus": 276,
    "value_total": 143712701
   },
   "retrieved": "2026-10-18"
  },
  "qcew_retail": {
   "county": "27137",
   "year": 2025,
   "establishments": 736,
   "employment": 11306,
   "avg_annual_pay": 36300,
   "lq_employment": 1.2,
   "employment_change_1y": -0.2,
   "source": "BLS QCEW 2025 annual, county, NAICS 44-45 retail trade, private",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "retail_trend": {
   "2012": {
    "estab": 922,
    "emp": 12373
   },
   "2023": {
    "estab": 773,
    "emp": 12122
   },
   "estab_change": -0.162,
   "emp_change": -0.02,
   "county_fips": "27137"
  },
  "schools": {
   "district": "Duluth Public School District",
   "district_geoid": "2711040",
   "grades": "PK-12",
   "district_vintage": "SY2024-25",
   "public_schools_1mi": 0,
   "schools": [],
   "schools_vintage": "SY2023-24",
   "source": "NCES EDGE",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "storms": {
   "county": "27137",
   "years": "2016-2025",
   "events": 593,
   "by_type": {
    "Thunderstorm Wind": 298,
    "Hail": 207,
    "Flash Flood": 62,
    "Flood": 8,
    "Lightning": 8,
    "Tornado": 7,
    "Funnel Cloud": 3
   },
   "property_damage_usd": 3903500,
   "deaths_direct": 0,
   "injuries_direct": 3,
   "note": "county-typed events only; events logged to forecast zones (CZ_TYPE Z: most winter, heat, flood and coastal events) are not counted",
   "source": "NOAA NCEI Storm Events Database, details files",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  },
  "traffic": {
   "max_aadt": 1275,
   "trucks_aadt": null,
   "road": "Idaho St",
   "class": "major collector",
   "lanes": 2,
   "segments_600m": 2,
   "year": "2024",
   "source": "FHWA HPMS",
   "retrieved": "2026-10-20"
  }
 },
 "parcels": [],
 "url": "https://retrofitatlas.org/industrial/mn/duluth-duluth-works/",
 "photo": null,
 "provenance": {
  "year_opened": "newtypes-extraction",
  "year_closed": "newtypes-extraction",
  "acres": "newtypes-extraction",
  "original_developer": "newtypes-extraction",
  "status": "newtypes-extraction",
  "after_notes": "newtypes-extraction",
  "year_retrofit": "newtypes-extraction",
  "developer": "newtypes-extraction",
  "public_subsidy": "newtypes-extraction"
 }
}