Challenges addressed

The problems each retrofit set out to solve, in the vocabulary of Dunham-Jones and Williamson's challenges lens. 279 rows across 11 challenge values and 173 sites.

Model-extracted from public sources, unreviewed. Challenges are read from public text about each site. Each row carries the verbatim quote and its source link. Records inherit the tier of the site; none of these rows has been checked by a person. Download CSV

Summarysites per challenge

housing shortage 57 sites
retail disruption 53 sites
auto dependence 42 sites
social equity 35 sites
office disruption 27 sites
water and energy resilience 20 sites
public health 19 sites
climate 14 sites
jobs and competitiveness 10 sites
aging population 1 site
traffic 1 site

housing shortage57 sites

Site	Place	Type	Quote	Source
101 and 201 Merritt 7	Norwalk, CT	Office parks	“Meanwhile, the need for additional housing has continued to grow. Thus, converting Buildings 101 and 201 to multifamily housing serves the dual purpose of facilitating the development of much-needed housing while increasing the demand for the office space that remains.”	source
200 Connecticut Ave.	Norwalk, CT	Office parks	“There appears to be more of a need for housing these days than there is for office space”	source
255 Main St.	Windsor Locks, CT	Strip centers	“The Connecticut Fair Share Housing Study, that was commissioned by the legislature and completed in 2025, found that Connecticut is short 120,000 to 380,000 units of housing (including both rentals and owner-occupied).”	source
435 Devon Park Dr.	Wayne, PA	Office parks	“Kahn framed the project as workforce housing aimed at nurses, firefighters, service workers, and others who work in the area but cannot afford to live there”	source
5600 Beach Boulevard: Shopoff and Lennar on the Former Amway Campus	Buena Park, CA	Office parks	“The state of California has told Buena Park it needs to plan for nearly 9,000 new housing units by 2029.”	source
71 Sheridan Drive	Atlanta, GA	Garden apartments	“Tenants at the apartment buildings to be demolished are currently paying rents between $1,500 to $2,000 a month.”	source
American Viscose Plant Historic District	Roanoke, VA	Industrial sites	“As of 2023, a deed restriction was in place prohibiting residential development in the Riverdale site; the owners hope to have the ban lifted after further remediation of the brownfield.”	source
Avonside Business Park	Melksham, UK	Office parks	“"residential uses that introduce greater activity at the site and improved footfall throughout the day in this edge-of-centre location between the town centre and railway station were actively supported."”	source
Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza	Los Angeles, CA	Malls	“There was strong community opposition to their plans which did not include the residential component”	source
Bank Buildings	Golspie	Other	“Eight flats is too large a number for the available space, with insufficient space within the individual dwellings.”	source
Beverly Plaza Shopping Center	LOS ANGELES, CA	Strip centers	“will bring online 126 dwelling units, of which 14 will be reserved for very-low income households”	source
Central Manufacturing District	Chicago, IL	Industrial sites	“converting some of the buildings into multi-family and senior housing.”	source
Charity Hospital	New Orleans, LA	Other	“The structure was projected to include about 390 residential units”	source
CityHouse Old Town	Alexandria, VA	Office parks	“the wait list is already some 600 people deep for nearly 200 apartments”	source
Connecticut Post Mall	Milford, CT	Malls	“In October 2023, Centennial officials submitted a third application for a change to the city's zoning regulations to allow for the addition of up to 750 units of housing at the mall.”	source
Corporate Square	Brookhaven, GA	Office parks	“The proposed conversion of the low-demand office space to high-demand housing would increase the economic use of the property and help to meet the land use needs of Brookhaven.”	source
Country Club Road Site	Montpelier, VT	Golf courses	“Address the high housing need by providing a mix of housing products with affordable, workforce, and market-rate units by coordinating with local developers and stakeholders”	source
Crossroads of the World	Los Angeles, CA	Malls	“Over 100 apartments in the project will be set aside for very low-income families.”	source
Desert Pines Golf Club	Las Vegas, NV	Golf courses	“The city says making room for more residential areas will help to mitigate the housing shortage here in Las Vegas.”	source
East Lake Meadows	Atlanta, GA	Garden apartments	“rebuild a new mixed income development”	source
East Towne Mall	Madison, WI	Malls	“The listing for the site says the nearly 15 acre property could host more than 1,000 apartments, housing Madison desperately needs.”	source
Former Kmart	Riverhead, NY	Big boxes	“The apartments create additional housing and in turn, bring more shoppers for other stores in the area.”	source
Former Kmart site	Garden City, MI	Big boxes	“City officials also see housing as a way to strengthen Garden City's existing downtown businesses.”	source
Former Sears department store site	Glendale, CA	Big boxes	“State housing mandates place constraints on local decision-making, leaving municipalities like the city of Glendale with little room to deny housing projects that don't fulfill the community's wishes.”	source
Former State Farm office park	Dunwoody	Office parks	“amid ongoing demand for housing and mixed-use developments”	source
Former Walmart store	Riverhead, NY	Big boxes	“The apartments create additional housing and in turn, bring more shoppers for other stores in the area.”	source
Glen Abbey Golf Course	Oakville, Canada	Golf courses	“In 2018, the owner, Clublink, planned to demolish the golf course in order to build residential and commercial properties.”	source
Gwinnett Place Mall site	DULUTH, GA	Malls	“Both plans emphasize the need for affordable housing”	source
Halle-Neustadt	Halle, Germany	Garden apartments	“The population has halved since then and was about 45,157 inhabitants on 31 December 2010.”	source
Hauppauge Industrial Park	Hauppauge, NY	Other	“college-educated millennials are attracted to more urban environments that offer walkable communities, with a variety of restaurants, bars and other social venues, and more diverse and affordable housing options.”	source
Ion	Houston, TX	Big boxes	“Local students and community members have expressed a range of concerns about the project including housing affordability, food accessibility, employment, and the potential gentrification of the nearby Third Ward”	source
KempsRiver Crossing Shopping Center	Virginia Beach, VA	Strip centers	“If they want to build apartments and do stuff like that I personally think it’s a good use of space.”	source
Lakeside Plaza	Fort Lauderdale, FL	Office parks	“increasingly attracting residential development proposals.”	source
Macon Grocery Warehouses	Macon, GA	Industrial sites	“We believe this investment into the Central Business District will continue to revitalize… and expand the footprint of the city… and address the housing shortage as it currently exists”	source
Merrifield at Dunn Loring Station Apartments	Merrifield, VA	Garden apartments	“replacing them with up to 2,975 new units that will almost certainly carry higher rents in new high-rise and mid-rise construction.”	source
Mueller Community	Austin, TX	Other	“Approximately 25% of the planned residential homes are to be part of the Mueller Affordable Program”	source
Nevele Grande Hotel	Ellenville, NY	Other	“126-unit housing development.”	source
Northgate Mall	San Rafael, CA	Malls	“housing advocates pushed for inclusion of affordable housing in the project to replace the aging housing in San Rafael's Canal Area”	source
Oakland Village Shopping Center	Snellville, GA	Strip centers	“just one of several dead or dying shopping centers plaguing Snellville.”	source
Paseo Nuevo	Santa Barbara, CA	Malls	“DSP plans to build 80-112 rental units at the former Nordstrom, and 10% of them will be affordable for moderate-income households for at least 90 years.”	source
Preserve Town Center	Hoover, AL	Other	“add residential uses that had not been approved previously”	source
Provo Towne Centre	Provo, UT	Malls	“We believe this project addresses some of Provo’s most pressing community needs: housing affordability, housing availability, neighborhood investment in south Provo and the creation of amenities that serve residents of every background.”	source
Reston National Golf Course	Reston, VA	Golf courses	“Developer NVR Homes has been enlisted to build 306 stacked townhomes on the western edge of the property — an area that War Horse Cities claims has been zoned for residential development since 1966.”	source
Rose Hill Plaza	Franconia, VA	Strip centers	“disappointed some housing advocates who had hoped for greater residential density near existing infrastructure.”	source
Sears department store site	Glendale, CA	Big boxes	“I want housing on this site,” said Councilmember Ardy Kassakhian in explaining his vote against the project. “I want the largest number of housing units possible.””	source
Sears site at Overlake Plaza	Redmond, WA	Big boxes	“With a growing shortage of workforce housing across King and Pierce counties, redevelopment opportunities like this are drawing heightened interest.”	source
Shanghai Jiangwan Airport	Shanghai, China	Other	“Ultimately, due to a shortage of land for urban development, the Shanghai Municipal People's Government decided to proceed with development”	source
Shops on Steeles and 404	Markham, Canada	Malls	“Markham councillor Howard Ian Shore and the developer countered that the project would not be viable if the number of residential units was lowered below the agreed-upon figure.”	source
Shuttered Macy’s location	Corte Madera, CA	Big boxes	“The town previously identified the property as a key opportunity to help Corte Madera reach its goal of approving 700 new homes by 2031.”	source
Spring House Corporate Center	Lower Gwynedd, PA	Office parks	“The applicant's attorney opened the presentation with an overview of the Township’s limited housing options, particularly the lack of apartments permitted under the current Zoning Ordinance.”	source
St. Bernard Square	St. Bernard, OH	Strip centers	“St. Bernard, like many of its neighboring communities, has seen its population decline, dropping by nearly 25% percent since 1990 to about 4,100 today.”	source
Stonestown Galleria mall	San Francisco, CA	Malls	“San Francisco supervisors previously called the planned development a large “down payment” toward the 82,000 units the city must permit before 2031 under its state-mandated housing plan.”	source
Three Executive Campus	Cherry Hill, NJ	Office parks	“obligation to provide “realistic zoning” for affordable housing under the New Jersey Fair Housing Act”	source
Vanwall Business Park (Mattel House)	Maidenhead, UK	Office parks	“The comprehensive redevelopment of the site is considered to provide a much better scheme with significantly more planning benefits, including the delivery of affordable housing and the provision of a more favourable housing mix.”	source
Village at Buena Park	Buena Park, CA	Malls	“The state of California has told Buena Park it needs to plan for nearly 9,000 new housing units by 2029.”	source
Village on the Green	Aptos, CA	Golf courses	“The proposal comes amid broader county efforts to address housing shortages mandated by state law. Santa Cruz County’s 2023 Housing Element determined that existing zoning did not allow enough housing to meet its Regional Housing Needs Allocation, or RHNA.”	source
Wells Fargo Home Mortgage campus	Minneapolis, MN	Office parks	“Developers also said they are considering a mix of market-rate, affordable and senior housing as part of the project.”	source

retail disruption53 sites

Site	Place	Type	Quote	Source
Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza	Los Angeles, CA	Malls	“The mall's remaining anchor store is TJ Maxx after the closure of Macy's, Sears and Walmart.”	source
Beverly Plaza Shopping Center	LOS ANGELES, CA	Strip centers	“Two tenants of the strip mall opposed the project. According to representatives of 400 S. Vicente LCC, the property owners inherited 14 different leases. Two of those leases have yet to be resolved — and tenants who operate India’s Grill say conversations have not gone well, adding they fear the pro”	source
Capital Plaza	Frankfort, KY	Office parks	“By the early 2000s, maintenance of the concrete structures had been neglected and the plaza had fallen into disrepair, with sections of the plaza closed to pedestrian activity out of concerns for safety.”	source
Castle	Windcrest, TX	Malls	“retail traffic shifted from the Walzem Road area and Windsor Park to The Forum at Olympia Parkway”	source
Cavendish Mall	Côte Saint-Luc, Canada	Malls	“Another serious blow was the closing of its two main anchors: Eaton's and Canadian Tire.”	source
Celtic Park Apartments	Sunnyside, NY	Garden apartments	“On July 23, 1922, a Volstead Act enforcement raid during the twenty-third annual picnic of the International Union of Steam and Operating Engineers, Local No. 20, became a gunfight that wounded four people”	source
Charleston Town Center	Charleston, WV	Malls	“following a decline in the number of tenants.”	source
Cloverleaf Mall	Chesterfield County, VA	Malls	“decline, especially in the 1990s and 2000s when businesses left for nearby Chesterfield Towne Center.”	source
Connecticut Post Mall	Milford, CT	Malls	“At the start of the 2020s, the mall was struggling to drive foot traffic. In 2020, Centennial Real Estate officials disclosed that the mall had experienced a 20% drop in visitors over the preceding five years. Officials also disclosed that between 2017 and 2020, 25 tenants had vacated the property.”	source
Courthouse Plaza Shopping Center	Fairfax City, VA	Strip centers	“a net loss of 18,300 square feet of retail space.”	source
Former Budd Co. plant	Philadelphia, PA	Industrial sites	“Instead, the sector faltered as interest rates rose and venture capital was cut off just as a lot of new laboratory space was under construction.”	source
Former Kmart	Riverhead, NY	Big boxes	“Empty large-scale retail or big box space has long plagued many communities across the United States, including Riverhead”	source
Former Kmart site	Paducah, KY	Big boxes	“They're few and far between, wanting to come to Paducah.”	source
Former Kmart site	Garden City, MI	Big boxes	“Miller said shopping habits have changed and the city may not need as much commercial space as it once did.”	source
Former Sears at Moorestown Mall	Moorestown, NJ	Big boxes	“Sears announced they would be closing on April 11, 2020 as part of a plan to close 31 stores nationwide”	source
Former Walmart store	Riverhead, NY	Big boxes	“Empty large-scale retail or big box space has long plagued many communities across the United States, including Riverhead”	source
Glen Abbey Golf Course	Oakville, Canada	Golf courses	“In 2018, the owner, Clublink, planned to demolish the golf course in order to build residential and commercial properties.”	source
Greentown Labs Houston	Houston, TX	Big boxes	“the firm confirmed plans to retrofit a former Fiesta Mart store, which the operator had closed two months prior because of declining sales.”	source
Gwinnett Place Mall site	DULUTH, GA	Malls	“defunct retail center's rebirth”	source
Honest Ed's	Toronto, Canada	Big boxes	“Besides big-box stores, other impacts on Honest Ed's business were internet shopping, the gentrification of downtown and the dispersion of the working and immigrant class to the inner suburbs of Toronto.”	source
Hyman–Brand Building	Aspen, CO	Gas stations	“By 1970 the gas station was no longer a viable business, and the building was condemned and slated for demolition.”	source
Indianola Park Shopping Center	Columbus, OH	Strip centers	“By 1990, Both Suzi-Cue and the Salvation Army remained, but the rest of the businesses had moved out”	source
Kaye Martin Garner	Garner, NC	Big boxes	“The abandoned Kaye Martin Garner now houses a life sciences company.”	source
KempsRiver Crossing Shopping Center	Virginia Beach, VA	Strip centers	“People who live near the shopping center say stores in the plaza have had a hard time staying open.”	source
Lincoln Square	Arlington, TX	Strip centers	“a 40-year-old shopping center in North Arlington that city officials say has become obsolete.”	source
Mall St. Vincent	Shreveport, LA	Malls	“In 2017, Grimaldi's Pizzeria and Gymboree closed their Mall St. Vincent operations; a local news article noted that online shopping and changing consumer habits have affected shopping malls; with as many as one in four closing within the next five years.”	source
Midtown BioCenter	Raleigh, NC	Big boxes	“Empty big-box store converted to life-sciences facility”	source
Midtown Center Walmart	Milwaukee, WI	Big boxes	“The former Walmart has been vacant for approximately a decade.”	source
Minneapolis City Center	Minneapolis, MN	Malls	“a desperate move [...] to slow the decline of the retail population at City Center, which has been on a very steady decline”	source
Mixed-use development at the corner of Rosebud Road and Highway 78	Snellville, GA	Big boxes	“due to downturns in the market., the plan was scrapped.”	source
Moorestown Mall	Moorestown, NJ	Malls	“Moorestown Mall has seen an increase in the vacancy rate, due to declining mall traffic and competition from the larger Cherry Hill Mall”	source
Morristown Main Street / "Skymart" project	Morristown, TN	Strip centers	“the downtown district saw losses in revenue, as a suburban shopping mall on the city's west side jeopardized businesses downtown.”	source
Nevele Grande Hotel	Ellenville, NY	Other	“The hotel closed in 2009.”	source
North River Shopping Center	Sandy Springs, GA	Strip centers	“aging strip mall”	source
Oakland Village Shopping Center	Snellville, GA	Strip centers	“just one of several dead or dying shopping centers plaguing Snellville. Abandoned big-box stores had become enough of an eyesore”	source
Old Sears store at Broward Mall	Plantation, FL	Big boxes	“After the pandemic, Seritage started selling off the properties they acquired one by one.”	source
Oviedo Mall	Oviedo, FL	Malls	“He said the rise of e-commerce and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic shifted that thinking.”	source
Paseo Nuevo	Santa Barbara, CA	Malls	“two long-vacant anchor buildings that have generated no activity, no jobs, no revenue for years”	source
Paseo Nuevo	Santa Barbara, CA	Malls	“after the prior closures of Macy's and Nordstrom left the shopping center relatively underutilized for several years.”	source
Pinellas Square Mall	Pinellas Park, FL	Malls	“inline tenants continued to slip and the mall's occupancy rate slipped to 50% by late 1996.”	source
Preserve Town Center	Hoover, AL	Other	“Some residents say they love the plan and have been looking forward to new commercial options near their home for years”	source
River Park Square	Spokane, WA	Malls	“weather a deteriorating retail outlook that has challenged suburban outlet malls”	source
Rose Hill Plaza	Franconia, VA	Strip centers	“Many in the community worried about losing accessible, everyday retail services if the site transformed into dense housing with significantly less commercial space.”	source
Sears Site	Hackensack, NJ	Big boxes	“Sears’ bankruptcy in 2019 and the store’s closure in 2020”	source
Sears department store site	Glendale, CA	Big boxes	“the site of the former Sears department store.”	source
Sears store	Livonia, MI	Big boxes	“The pandemic accelerated the decline for brick and mortar retail, with anchor tenants including JCPenney and Neiman Marcus filing for bankruptcy and Macy’s closing stores to slash costs.”	source
St. Bernard Square	St. Bernard, OH	Strip centers	“It’s an answer to a problem that many older, first-ring suburbs have – tired strip malls and retail centers that have long outlived their useful lives and are populated with undesirable tenants, vape shops, mobile phone stores, mattress outlets, aging bars and the like.”	source
Subic Bay Naval Base	Olongapo, Philippines	Industrial sites	“Subic Bay is a popular destination for weekend visitors from Metro Manila. Attractions include beaches, an underwater aquarium, jungle survival tours, and duty-free shopping.”	source
Treasure Coast Square	Jensen Beach, FL	Malls	“The study notes Treasure Coast Square has struggled with declining value and changing consumer habits facing malls nationwide. The property’s taxable value fell nearly 21% between 2017 and 2022, according to the report.”	source
Trolley District	Columbus, OH	Industrial sites	“the area is currently underserved by grocery stores.”	source
Twelve Mile Crossing at Fountain Walk	Novi, MI	Malls	“The center has been no more than seventy percent leased since its opening, and several major tenants have closed.”	source
Village at Bon Air	Chesterfield County, VA	Strip centers	“The initiative follows the departure of several large-format retailers”	source
Whitehall Plaza	Whitehall Twp., PA	Malls	“transforming aging retail spaces into vibrant community destinations”	source

auto dependence42 sites

Site	Place	Type	Quote	Source
BP Gas Station at 1647 N. LaSalle Drive	Chicago, IL	Gas stations	“Fern Hills developers want to overhaul the “car-dominated environment” by making the area more walkable and removing the two gas stations, Anderson said.”	source
Bank Buildings	Golspie	Other	“The area is subject to parking issues. The parking associated with this development is already in use.”	source
Bay Colony office complex	Waltham, MA	Office parks	“Wouldn’t adding housing next to the highway responsible for so much congestion only make the problem worse?”	source
Beverly Plaza Shopping Center	LOS ANGELES, CA	Strip centers	“located near the future Wilshire/La Cienega station as part of Metro's D (Purple) Line Expansion Project.”	source
Bishop	Sandy Springs, GA	Office parks	“Parking requirements posed the biggest challenge, as the topography of the site was very steep.”	source
Calusa golf course	Kendall, FL	Golf courses	“Our local roads and the surrounding intersections will just be bombarded with traffic, and it will destroy our day-to-day life”	source
Carolina Golf Club	Margate, FL	Golf courses	“While a developer-funded traffic study claims the project will not overload nearby roads, critics question the accuracy of such assessments, citing persistent delays at nearby intersections and concerns about long-term impact on schools and services.”	source
Central Park	Denver, CO	Other	“emphasizing a pedestrian-oriented design rather than the automobile-oriented designs found in many other planned developments.”	source
Clara District	Santa Clara, CA	Industrial sites	“Natascha Haywood, who lives across the street in the Mainline North affordable housing community, said she’s excited to see the neighborhood continue to grow and appreciates the area’s safety and amenities. But she worries additional housing could worsen an existing parking shortage, particularly du”	source
Cloverleaf Mall	Chesterfield County, VA	Malls	“development was expanding west, away from Cloverleaf.”	source
Deer Track Golf Resort	Surfside, FL	Golf courses	“It's the traffic, it's a freeway. People will literally cut through the entire 17 Bypass up to 17 Business just to get through to the other side if there's a wreck”	source
Educational Testing Service campus	Lawrence Township, NJ	Office parks	“Much of the reaction focused on density. Residents questioned whether the site—long viewed as a low-impact corporate neighbor—could accommodate the proposed level of residential intensity without fundamentally altering the character of the area.”	source
Foxboro Golf Course	Oregon, WI	Golf courses	“She raised concerns about wildlife habitat and how replacing green space with roofs, driveways and pavement could affect stormwater.”	source
Greenwich American Center	Greenwich, CT	Office parks	“The town of North Castle has expressed concerns over the project and its potential impact on traffic and parking in the nearby hamlet of Armonk.”	source
Gwinnett Place Mall site	DULUTH, GA	Malls	“turning the current ring road around the mall into a 1.25-mile greenway with sidewalks and a cycle track”	source
Hauppauge Industrial Park	Hauppauge, NY	Other	“creating a more dynamic live-work-play environment that will attract and keep workers.”	source
Lake Fairfax Business Park	Reston, VA	Office parks	“Located off the Dulles Access Road and near the Wiehle-Reston East Metro station”	source
Lincoln Square	Arlington, TX	Strip centers	“to make this Arlington destination a 24/7 neighborhood”	source
Logistics Campus	Glenview, IL	Office parks	“Communities are often reluctant to replace low truck-intensive uses with relatively higher ones, which are assumed to place stress on existing ground-transportation infrastructure.”	source
Moorestown Mall	Moorestown, NJ	Malls	“Moorestown Mall has seen an increase in the vacancy rate, due to declining mall traffic and competition from the larger Cherry Hill Mall”	source
Mountain Valley Golf Course	Barnesville, PA	Golf courses	“He also raised concern that the construction of warehouses could be seen by visitors to Locust Lake State Park. The golf course complex has a pavilion with a vista of the park.”	source
Mueller Community	Austin, TX	Other	“Mueller is intended to be a pedestrian-oriented, interactive mixed-use community”	source
Oakland Village Shopping Center	Snellville, GA	Strip centers	“just one of several dead or dying shopping centers plaguing Snellville. Abandoned big-box stores had become enough of an eyesore”	source
Pinecrest Golf Club	Bluffton, SC	Golf courses	“Traffic, they said, is already bad along H.E. McCracken Circle and Masters Way during peak hours.”	source
Reston National Golf Course	Reston, VA	Golf courses	“Adding 288 homes could significantly impact local traffic patterns.”	source
Retail premises in Kentwood Hill, Reading	Reading, UK	Strip centers	“One of the challenges identified, though, was the poor condition of the rear access, which could deter potential tenants.”	source
River Bend Golf Course	Ormond Beach, FL	Golf courses	“The land is not currently for sale. River Bend Golf Course sits on property that is part of Ormond Beach Municipal Airport, meaning any change in use requires approval from the Federal Aviation Administration.”	source
Rose Hill Plaza	Franconia, VA	Strip centers	“Other concerns centered on increased traffic, potential parking challenges, construction impacts”	source
Shell Gas Station at 130 W. North Ave.	Chicago, IL	Gas stations	“Fern Hills developers want to overhaul the “car-dominated environment” by making the area more walkable and removing the two gas stations, Anderson said.”	source
Sherwood Golf Club	Titusville, FL	Golf courses	“Local residents have voiced concerns about potential issues related to flooding, traffic flow, school capacity, and emergency response times.”	source
Shops on Steeles and 404	Markham, Canada	Malls	“Shiner argued that the proposed number of residential units was too high which would create too much traffic in the neighborhood”	source
Signature at West Neck golf course	Virginia Beach, VA	Golf courses	“Like many redevelopment battles involving former golf courses and open spaces, this situation highlights the ongoing tension between property rights, community expectations, housing demand, environmental concerns, and local planning policies.”	source
Solana Olde Town Station Apartments	Arvada, CO	Garden apartments	“With multiple new light-rail stops under construction, the inner-ring Denver suburb of Arvada, Colo., is ripe for new transit-oriented development, especially for the millennials and young professionals in Denver’s workforce.”	source
St. Bernard Square	St. Bernard, OH	Strip centers	“Acres of parking that go unused and contribute to an urban ghost-town feeling.”	source
Stapleton International Airport	Denver, CO	Other	“inadequate lateral separation between runways, leading to long waits during instrument-flight operations”	source
Subic Bay Naval Base	Olongapo, Philippines	Industrial sites	“The Subic Special Economic and Freeport Zone is served by the Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) and Subic–Tipo Expressway. Subic is the site of Subic Bay International Airport which can be used for chartered flights.”	source
Tomoka Oaks Golf Course	Ormond Beach, FL	Golf courses	“Zirkelbach says 390 feet separates the main entrance on Nova Road and a three-way stop. Adding more residents to the area, she said, could lead to constant backups, especially during peak hours.”	source
Tonka Village Shopping Center	TONKA BAY, MN	Strip centers	“residents expressed concerns about the availability of parking at the shopping center and how the project would affect the already congested roads nearby.”	source
Twelve Mile Crossing at Fountain Walk	Novi, MI	Malls	“Difficulty of access to the mall has been cited as a factor limiting the center's growth, as the mall lacks visibility from 12 Mile Road, Novi Road, and Interstate 96, the three major roads that surround it.”	source
USGS Campus	Menlo Park, CA	Office parks	“Peninsula car-brain is at another level.”	source
Vacant land near Citrus Park Town Center		Other	“The full 228-unit development would add more traffic to Sheldon Road, with county transportation analysis estimating about 1,020 daily trips”	source
Village Golf Club	Royal Palm Beach, FL	Golf courses	“adding more cars on the road will worsen already existing traffic problems, especially on Okeechobee Blvd.”	source

Site	Place	Type	Quote	Source
103rd Street commercial center	Los Angeles, CA	Strip centers	“Longstanding resentment by Los Angeles's working class black community over discriminatory treatment by police and inadequate public services (especially schools and hospitals) exploded on August 11, 1965”	source
71 Sheridan Drive	Atlanta, GA	Garden apartments	“concerned about the decline of affordable housing in affluent Buckhead”	source
Baldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza	Los Angeles, CA	Malls	“community leaders and groups have expressed concern about African American ownership and participation in the project.”	source
Calusa golf course	Kendall, FL	Golf courses	“Neighborhood advocates describe the outcome as a mixed result: a win for environmental protections, but a loss for residents concerned about overdevelopment.”	source
Carolina Golf Club	Margate, FL	Golf courses	“We do not want hundreds of apartments—especially a 5-6 story apartment building near the clubhouse site,” he wrote. He expressed concern about flooding, environmental contamination, infrastructure strain, and the fate of the neighborhood’s long-promised green space.”	source
Central Park	Denver, CO	Other	“In 2020, in the wake of the Black Lives Matter movement and to condemn the legacy of the former Denver mayor Benjamin F. Stapleton, once a member of the Ku Klux Klan, the community formally changed the name of the neighborhood from 'Stapleton' to 'Central Park'.”	source
City Realty development on Route 9	Chestnut Hill, MA	Office parks	“neighbors have not been included in the process”	source
Cloverleaf Mall	Chesterfield County, VA	Malls	“the surrounding neighborhoods began to undergo a socioeconomic crisis”	source
Country Club Road Site	Montpelier, VT	Golf courses	“Incorporate of spaces for Abenaki recognition, celebration, and education”	source
Crossroads of the World	Los Angeles, CA	Malls	“Eighty-two Hollywood Regency garden apartments are to be demolished in the project. These rent stabilized apartments are occupied by a decades-old, tight-knit community of largely low-income, predominantly Latino residents.”	source
Deer Track Golf Resort	Surfside, FL	Golf courses	“Its sad, you know? The people that are benefiting are not the existing homeowners that put their life savings into their homes, but it's the builders here that are putting in all the new homes”	source
Delta View Golf Course	Pittsburg, CA	Golf courses	“We are already in a pretty working-class community, low income as some may say, and not at the highest of the chart when it comes to health”	source
East Lake Meadows	Atlanta, GA	Garden apartments	“a notorious public housing project, East Lake Meadows”	source
East Towne Mall	Madison, WI	Malls	“Our social economic issues are higher compared to the West area so we have more folks that are low to moderate income households.”	source
Foxboro Golf Course	Oregon, WI	Golf courses	“One longtime member of Foxboro’s Tuesday morning senior league pointed to the course’s affordability compared with other golfing options. He said he has participated in the league for more than 20 years and argued that reducing Foxboro would eliminate an accessible option for local golfers.”	source
Garden Hills Apartments	Atlanta, GA	Garden apartments	“Another issue for residents was the proposed elimination of an affordable housing option in the area.”	source
Gowanus Canal	Brooklyn, NY	Industrial sites	“Lander saw a city rezoning as an opportunity to demand much more of developers than a small fraction of affordable housing units.”	source
Grove Business Park	White Waltham, United Kingdom	Office parks	“Taken together, these four developments potentially provide an additional 124 dwellings and fundamentally change the nature of the village.”	source
Hauppauge Industrial Park	Hauppauge, NY	Other	“One speaker, who identified as “a Hauppauge local,” told the town board that holding the May 21st hearing at 2 p.m. was “offensive.””	source
Industry City	Brooklyn, NY	Office parks	“such a large private rezoning application would further exacerbate real estate pressures, displacement, rising rents, and forever shift the nature of the waterfront away from one of the few remaining manufacturing hubs to commercial tourism and service economy”	source
Ion	Houston, TX	Big boxes	“Local students and community members have expressed a range of concerns about the project including housing affordability, food accessibility, employment, and the potential gentrification of the nearby Third Ward”	source
Kitchener Park / Subiaco Oval	Subiaco, Australia	Other	“Construction of the new stadium would have involved moving 27 private residences and moving residents from another 66 state housing properties surrounding Subiaco Oval.”	source
Merrifield at Dunn Loring Station Apartments	Merrifield, VA	Garden apartments	“The most consequential unresolved issue for current Merrifield residents is what relocation protections and affordable housing obligations Malkin Properties will be required to provide as conditions of the rezoning.”	source
Mesquite Golf Course	Scottsdale, AZ	Golf courses	“Why would anyone want this beautiful piece of open space to disappear?”	source
Midtown Center Walmart	Milwaukee, WI	Big boxes	“opponents repeatedly called it a “data center” and raised concerns about its potential energy use, environmental impact and location in a majority-Black neighborhood.”	source
Mueller Community	Austin, TX	Other	“The affordable program has a purchase component which is available to households earning less than 80% of the city's mean family income (MFI), and a rental program available to those earning less than 60% of the Austin MFI.”	source
Pinecrest Golf Club	Bluffton, SC	Golf courses	“It will change a 480-plus single-family development into apartments, and change the character of the development forever. It’s not what we bought into.”	source
Provo Towne Centre	Provo, UT	Malls	“A glaring one is the fate of residents of Shady Acres Mobile Home Park. While many residents own the mobile homes they reside in, Brixton Capital owns the land on which the park sits and is proposing to build townhomes on the property.”	source
Reston National Golf Course	Reston, VA	Golf courses	“This isn’t just a zoning case—it’s a signal of where Reston may be heading.”	source
Signature at West Neck golf course	Virginia Beach, VA	Golf courses	“Residents of Browningstone Village at West Neck Condominium Association have now filed suit against the City of Virginia Beach and City Council, arguing that the rezoning disregards density and open-space requirements and conflicts with long-term planning guidelines for the area.”	source
Southridge senior housing complex	West Palm Beach, FL	Garden apartments	“They don’t know if they’ll ever be able to move back to Southridge, which is being renamed Roseland Gardens. But they yearn for its tree-lined walkways, immaculately maintained patio gardens, one-story homes and easy access to neighbors.”	source
Strip mall near Saddle Creek Road	Omaha, NE	Strip centers	“Neighbors and tenants worry the project will change the neighborhood's character”	source
Tommy Jacobs Bel Air Greens golf course	Palm Springs, CA	Golf courses	“One of the property’s owners, John Andreas, told the commission the land’s tribal owners want it developed. Neighbors and environmental advocates, including Oswit Land Trust, had pushed for the site to remain open space.”	source
Tomoka Oaks Golf Course	Ormond Beach, FL	Golf courses	“Residents involved in the court filing are questioning whether the City Commission handled that process appropriately.”	source
Village Golf Club	Royal Palm Beach, FL	Golf courses	“I believe the needs and concerns of current residents should be prioritized, and I oppose redevelopment that would significantly alter our precious community without clear demonstrated benefits and meaningful input from the people who live here”	source

office disruption27 sites

Site	Place	Type	Quote	Source
100 Ashford Center North	Dunwoody, GA	Office parks	“There’s really no path forward these days for an office building that’s 30-something percent occupied”	source
101 and 201 Merritt 7	Norwalk, CT	Office parks	“The demand for suburban office space has dwindled as companies opt for more urban locations. The COVID-19 pandemic only exacerbated this trend as companies have moved to remote and hybrid work models, thereby decreasing the demand for physical office space and making the office market more competiti”	source
200 Connecticut Ave.	Norwalk, CT	Office parks	“There appears to be more of a need for housing these days than there is for office space”	source
435 Devon Park Dr.	Wayne, PA	Office parks	“The 145,000 square foot property was already trending toward deeper vacancy”	source
6901 S. Havana St.	Centennial, CO	Office parks	“Garrett Cos. Director of Development Colin Wattleworth told council members last week that the Centennial/Inverness submarket has “really high vacancy” in the office sector, higher than Denver proper. 'What this is telling us is that office space is not in demand in the submarket and that it’s overs”	source
Avonside Business Park	Melksham, UK	Office parks	“despite "significant marketing and investment in improving the buildings," there was no take-up for the offices.”	source
Bay Colony	Waltham, MA	Office parks	“Because the suburban office market that has carried Waltham's tax base for decades stopped showing up, and empty lab and office buildings do not pay for schools.”	source
Bethesda Crescent	Bethesda, MD	Office parks	“just given some of the challenges and headwinds with trying to lease large blocks of office space”	source
Bishop	Sandy Springs, GA	Office parks	“Even though original civil permit drawings were available, the team decided to invest in a full survey of the site and underground utilities, including ground-penetrating radar out of concern that new structural foundations could potentially interfere with existing utilities.”	source
Brookside Office Park	Alpharetta, GA	Office parks	“declining occupancy and underutilization in recent years at Brookside Park in Alpharetta have highlighted an opportunity to reimagine the site”	source
Capital Plaza	Frankfort, KY	Office parks	“By the early 2000s, maintenance of the concrete structures had been neglected and the plaza had fallen into disrepair, with sections of the plaza closed to pedestrian activity out of concerns for safety.”	source
CityHouse Old Town	Alexandria, VA	Office parks	“AREP’s strategic pivot from largely office into residential”	source
Corporate Square	Brookhaven, GA	Office parks	“Combined with employees pushing to continue post-pandemic work from home, office parks are on the decline.”	source
Former Polaroid campus	Waltham, MA	Office parks	“Because the suburban office market that has carried Waltham's tax base for decades stopped showing up, and empty lab and office buildings do not pay for schools.”	source
Georgia-Pacific Center	Atlanta, GA	Office parks	“Faced with historically high office vacancies across downtown”	source
Jones Road	Waltham, MA	Office parks	“Because the suburban office market that has carried Waltham's tax base for decades stopped showing up, and empty lab and office buildings do not pay for schools.”	source
Lake Fairfax Business Park	Reston, VA	Office parks	“Six of the seven existing office buildings that will be replaced are 100% vacant and the seventh is 40% vacant with a lease expiring next year.”	source
Lake Pointe Green	Sugar Land, TX	Office parks	“As office demand has shifted toward newer and more modern spaces since the pandemic, the office campus is not likely to be replaced or redeveloped for another office tenant.”	source
Lakeside Plaza	Fort Lauderdale, FL	Office parks	“aging or underutilized office properties in suburban employment centers”	source
Livermore Office Park	Livermore, CA	Office parks	“The pivot from office to housing comes after Align had been struggling to find commercial tenants for the site. There has been a sharp reduction in office space demand, with an almost 30% vacancy rate in Livermore, and the building’s existing condition and location are not competitive in the current”	source
Newtown Square Corporate Campus	Newtown Square, PA	Office parks	“According to local reports, the office complex is roughly 90% vacant. Like many older office developments across the country, the campus was built for a different era of business. With changes in how companies operate and increased remote work, many office properties have struggled to maintain occup”	source
Oakland Village Shopping Center	Snellville, GA	Strip centers	“just one of several dead or dying shopping centers plaguing Snellville.”	source
Office building at 10340 Democracy Lane	Fairfax City, VA	Other	“the 1980 office building is 50% occupied and “approaching functional obsolescence.””	source
Park Center Building Four	Dunwoody, GA	Office parks	“economic fallout from the global COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced the need for new office development.”	source
Park Center campus	Dunwoody, GA	Office parks	“A partnership with insurance giant State Farm, the project was initially going to include a fourth office tower, but the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on metro Atlanta’s office market have made that plan no longer viable, KDC representatives said.”	source
Subic Bay Naval Base	Olongapo, Philippines	Industrial sites	“As of 2025, approximately 171,653 workers were employed in Subic Bay Freeport, 67% in the service industry and 22% in the manufacturing industry.”	source
Windcrest International Business Park	Windcrest, TX	Malls	“underutilized due to increased remote work.”	source

water and energy resilience20 sites

Site	Place	Type	Quote	Source
1198 Valencia	San Francisco, CA	Gas stations	“Cleaning up 1198 Valencia at 23rd Street, formerly a Chevron gas station that has been leaking oil into the soil and groundwater for decades, is also proving to be a challenge.”	source
300 West Adams Street	Chicago, IL	Other	“mounting concerns over data centers using up to 30 to 60 times more power per square foot than standard office space, straining the electrical grid and raising concerns about water cooling, generator emissions, and neighborhood impacts.”	source
American Can's corporate campus	Greenwich, CT	Office parks	“Among the concerns raised was the question of sufficiently available water in the reservoir near the site in case of a fire, and the chances of increased runoff from roofs causing flooding in the Byram River.”	source
Cape Coral Country Club	Cape Coral, FL	Golf courses	“The naturalized water bodies that could be used for both recreation and stormwater management ― we do want to point out the threats to the land, and I think one of the greatest threats is any land disturbance from grading could disturb the existing habitat so we're sensitive to that, and we need to ”	source
Carolina Golf Club	Margate, FL	Golf courses	“Adding to anxiety are findings of arsenic in the soil and groundwater—residues from the property’s decades-long use as a golf course. State-mandated environmental cleanup will be required before construction begins.”	source
Carolina Shores Golf Course and Country Club	Carolina Shores, NC	Golf courses	“Several residents said they wanted to see a more in depth environmental study.”	source
Delta View Golf Course	Pittsburg, CA	Golf courses	“Residents in Pittsburg have questioned the long-term costs of water and power.”	source
Former Carolina Shores Golf & Country Club	Carolina Shores, NC	Golf courses	“Bureau said his next proposal will feature slightly fewer houses but will take up a larger percentage of the approximate 150-acre property, and won’t have the same amount of stormwater mitigation.”	source
Foxboro Golf Course	Oregon, WI	Golf courses	“Way also questioned what additional development could mean for water, sewer, police, fire and EMS services. She raised concerns about wildlife habitat and how replacing green space with roofs, driveways and pavement could affect stormwater.”	source
Gowanus Canal	Brooklyn, NY	Industrial sites	“But the pace of the cleanup has lagged far behind. Only the first of three sections of the 1.8-mile-long canal has been dredged and capped and costs have ballooned from $500 million to $1.5 billion.”	source
Hexa site	Monroe Township, NJ	Other	“Data centers require enormous cooling capacity, that typically requires millions of gallons of water usage per day. In the Pinelands, this raises serious concerns about drawdown from the Kirkwood–Cohansey aquifer, impacts on nearby wetlands, streams, and recharge areas, and competing water demands l”	source
Loch Nairn Golf Club	New Garden Township, PA	Golf courses	“Conversion of the land from a golf course to a park will help improve water quality, absorb floodwaters, and offer additional environmental benefits.”	source
Lower Swansea Valley	Swansea, Wales	Industrial sites	“The extent and scale of the industrialisation that took place at a time when there almost no environmental controls in place created a legacy of chronic contamination of land and water by a great range of toxic and dangerous pollutants. The River Tawe was already being polluted by the coal mining in”	source
Manchester Stormwater Park	Manchester, WA	Gas stations	“Manchester is a small community of about 4,600 people that is on an east-facing slope 400 feet above Puget Sound. The downtown area lies at the foot of this slope and is prone to seasonal flooding and ponding; and is generally soggy throughout the year. The causes of these issues are high groundwate”	source
Mini Mart City Park	Seattle, WA	Gas stations	“Surrounding parts of the Duwamish Valley have been deemed a Superfund site by the Environmental Protection Agency and testing from this particular lot, which was once a fuel-storage facility, revealed petroleum contaminants in the subsurface at concentrations greater than Washington’s cleanup levels”	source
North Campus Open Space (NCOS)	Goleta, CA	Golf courses	“reducing flood risk, providing a buffer against predicted sea level rise”	source
Project Horizon	Kearney, NE	Office parks	“Before approving the permit, commissioners held a public hearing where residents raised common concerns about data centers, including water use, noise and electricity costs.”	source
River Bend Golf Course	Ormond Beach, FL	Golf courses	“All three land areas of the golf course have significant wetlands and various aeronautical constraints.”	source
Silica Sands Golf Club	Vineland, NJ	Golf courses	“Data centers require enormous cooling capacity, that typically requires millions of gallons of water usage per day. In the Pinelands, this raises serious concerns about drawdown from the Kirkwood–Cohansey aquifer, impacts on nearby wetlands, streams, and recharge areas, and competing water demands l”	source
Tomoka Oaks Golf Course	Ormond Beach, FL	Golf courses	“Residents are also worried about a planned dry retention zone with a dirt berm behind those homes that could worsen the drainage issues.”	source

public health19 sites

Site	Place	Type	Quote	Source
490 South Van Ness	San Francisco, CA	Gas stations	“Last year the Department of Public Health issued a cease-and-desist letter, halting work at 490 South Van Ness after toxic fumes caused local residents to complain of headaches.”	source
American Viscose Plant Historic District	Roanoke, VA	Industrial sites	“preliminary environmental tests at the site located a high potential for vapor intrusion due to a hazardous waste tank that was once located adjacent to the property.”	source
Bank Buildings	Golspie	Other	“Potential for safety issues for people walking from the parking area to the building through an industrial area.”	source
Bishop	Sandy Springs, GA	Office parks	“local zoning authorities were concerned about approving Type 3 wood-frame multifamily construction. Evidence of the adequacy of modern NFPA fire sprinklers overcame this life safety issue.”	source
Carolina Golf Club	Margate, FL	Golf courses	“This is a golf course with 30 years of chemicals on the ground and in the canals”	source
Carolina Shores Golf Course and Country Club	Carolina Shores, NC	Golf courses	“Dowling said he believes the expired phase one ESA does not prove that development of the golf course would not pose safety hazards for workers and neighbors.”	source
Cloverleaf Mall	Chesterfield County, VA	Malls	“customers began staying away from the mall as they started to fear some of the youth there.”	source
Columbus Bus Station	Columbus, OH	Other	“the property was declared a public nuisance.”	source
Country Club Road Site	Montpelier, VT	Golf courses	“Address the need for indoor and outdoor recreational opportunities, including a comprehensive recreation and community facility, as well as fields, courts, and other such uses”	source
Delta View Golf Course	Pittsburg, CA	Golf courses	“There's definitely noise pollution close to data centers, just because you're gonna have a ton of fans running almost 24-7”	source
East Lake Meadows	Atlanta, GA	Garden apartments	“A violent crime wave took over the development, and the community saw crime rise, as quality of life and housing values declined.”	source
Greentown Labs Houston	Houston, TX	Big boxes	“The market was a source of fresh produce for residents in nearby Third Ward which was classified as a food desert.”	source
Harlem River Yards	The Bronx, NY	Industrial sites	“some residents in the South Bronx protested the development and organized efforts to promote conversion of the Harlem River Yards into a park space.”	source
Hauppauge Industrial Park	Hauppauge, NY	Other	“Due to concerns over the coronavirus pandemic, the Smithtown Town Board held a virtual public hearing in May on a hot local topic: placing up to a thousand apartments within the bounds of what was once known as the Hauppauge Industrial Park.”	source
Retail premises in Kentwood Hill, Reading	Reading, UK	Strip centers	“We also engaged a planning consultant to commission the required surveys and reports. Our main challenges were potential noise from neighbouring commercial units and ensuring adequate natural light in the former garage.”	source
Southridge senior housing complex	West Palm Beach, FL	Garden apartments	“The loneliness here is killing us,” said another, speaking Spanish. At Southridge, she said, neighbors visited each other daily for coffee and conversation. “We were like brothers and sisters.””	source
Stapleton International Airport	Denver, CO	Other	“a lawsuit over aircraft noise, brought by residents of the nearby Park Hill community”	source
Wells Fargo Home Mortgage campus	Minneapolis, MN	Office parks	“The project could help expand healthcare access in the East Phillips area, which is designated as a health professional shortage area.”	source
Windsor Locks TOD	Windsor Locks, CT	Strip centers	“This contamination is a significant obstacle that is preventing the property from being redeveloped.”	source

climate14 sites

Site	Place	Type	Quote	Source
300 West Adams Street	Chicago, IL	Other	“mounting concerns over data centers using up to 30 to 60 times more power per square foot than standard office space, straining the electrical grid and raising concerns about water cooling, generator emissions, and neighborhood impacts.”	source
Cape Coral Country Club	Cape Coral, FL	Golf courses	“What happens when rain falls? Where does it go? How is it connected (so) that we could then look at what alternatives make the most sense to help improve those different flood conditions.”	source
Carolina Shores Golf Course and Country Club	Carolina Shores, NC	Golf courses	“We’re going to work with the county to fix part of the stormwater problem in southeast Brunswick County by using the open property and being able to retain water during horrific storms, so it’s all really good for the community”	source
Country Club Road Site	Montpelier, VT	Golf courses	“Minimize impact on the climate by utilizing and leveraging technologies and best practices for energy efficiency and energy generation”	source
Delta View Golf Course	Pittsburg, CA	Golf courses	“there's also this big increase in emissions that will happen to a community, even if it's completely off-grid, because a lot of those off-grid ones are powered with carbon-intensive sources.”	source
Educational Testing Service campus	Lawrence Township, NJ	Office parks	“Portions of the property include streams, wetlands, vernal pools and flood-prone areas tied to the Stony Brook. Residents and environmental advocates raised concerns about stormwater management, habitat preservation and the capacity of existing infrastructure to absorb new development.”	source
Former Rogell Golf Course	Detroit, MI	Golf courses	“The project also includes environmental remediation to address fertilizers and chemicals used in the maintenance of the former golf course.”	source
Lillie Redevelopment	North St. Paul, MN	Gas stations	“petroleum-impacted soil, groundwater and soil vapor are located below the western and central portion of the site”	source
Loch Nairn Golf Club	New Garden Township, PA	Golf courses	“As the climate crisis intensifies, with rising temperatures and stronger storms, protecting open space is essential to improving climate resilience and reducing flooding”	source
Lower Swansea Valley	Swansea, Wales	Industrial sites	“Lithographs made at the time of the boom in industrial production show a thick smog over the valleys and the nearby towns and it reasonable to suppose that air quality was very poor both in the valley floor and in the nearby residential areas. A local doctor, Thomas Williams, wrote a book called The”	source
NOHO West	North Hollywood, CA	Malls	“after the 1994 Northridge earthquake, the Laurel Plaza mall was closed due to damage”	source
North Campus Open Space (NCOS)	Goleta, CA	Golf courses	“Before the restoration project began, the golf course would often flood during winter storms, and this posed a growing flood risk associated with climate change for immediately adjacent neighborhoods.”	source
Oakland Village Shopping Center	Snellville, GA	Strip centers	“possibility arose of perchloroethylene soil contamination from an old dry cleaner site in the Oakland Village Shopping Center”	source
Thornton Shopping Center	Thornton, CO	Strip centers	“Improper handling of dry cleaning chemicals over several decades has resulted in a release to the subsurface environment and migration off-site to the southeast.”	source

jobs and competitiveness10 sites

Site	Place	Type	Quote	Source
15 Court Square	Boston, MA	Office parks	“Spatial constraints and the costs associated with conversion have proved challenging, and financial incentives are still necessary, Planning Director Kairos Shen told councilors at a hearing May 12.”	source
85 Devonshire St.	Boston, MA	Office parks	“Spatial constraints and the costs associated with conversion have proved challenging, and financial incentives are still necessary, Planning Director Kairos Shen told councilors at a hearing May 12.”	source
Bank Buildings	Golspie	Other	“There are limited opportunities for commercial office space in the area, the proposal would remove any opportunity for office based business within the village boundary.”	source
Celtic Park Apartments	Sunnyside, NY	Garden apartments	“After the war the club struggled financially, and the introduction of Prohibition in 1920 brought regular Sunday arrests of bootleggers at the park”	source
Charity Hospital	New Orleans, LA	Other	“revitalize the former "booming" central business district that has been suffering since the closure of Charity and surrounding buildings due to Hurricane Katrina.”	source
Harlem River Yards	The Bronx, NY	Industrial sites	“However, efforts to develop an intermodal rail facility at Harlem River Yards were frustrated due to multiple factors, including a lack of commercial interest and shifting political priorities.”	source
Hauppauge Industrial Park	Hauppauge, NY	Other	“many young adults do not work on Long Island. Instead, college-educated millennials are attracted to more urban environments that offer walkable communities, with a variety of restaurants, bars and other social venues, and more diverse and affordable housing options.”	source
Industry City	Brooklyn, NY	Office parks	“this would undermine Brooklyn’s industrial positions, and it would supercharge the displacement and gentrification that is undermining Sunset Park’s affordability and blue-collar job base”	source
Stapleton International Airport	Denver, CO	Other	“little or no room for other airlines that wanted to use Stapleton for new destinations”	source
Weiser Airpark	Cypress, TX	Other	“After Cecil died in November 2017, the Weiser family lost interest in operating the airfield.”	source

aging population1 site

Site	Place	Type	Quote	Source
Cavendish Mall	Côte Saint-Luc, Canada	Malls	“The mall has experienced declining patronage over the past decade due to an aging population.”	source

traffic1 site

Site	Place	Type	Quote	Source
Bay Colony office complex	Waltham, MA	Office parks	“And she worried big developments would only worsen the city’s already notorious traffic.”	source